![]() ![]() From there, we progress to “lower level” features to understand the finer details of the story. As a news item starts, we may recognise it as an ongoing story, and call upon our knowledge of the story’s context. ![]() Our previous experience of watching TV news gives us some knowledge and expectations from which to make predictions about the likely content, as well as the style of language that will likely be used by presenters and journalists. In our first language, we probably make use primarily of top-down processing. Let’s use the example of watching the TV news. To process and understand a text with bottom-up processing, we start by recognising phonemes, combining these into syllables, syllables into words, words into clauses, and so on “up” to contextual and background information.ĭo language learners use top-down or bottom-up processing? This contextual information at the top can come from knowledge about the world or the speaker/writer, from a mental image or expectation set up before or during listening or reading (often called a schema), or from predictions based on the probability of one word following another. #Bottom up processing series#Top-down processing is the idea that to process and understand a text we start with “higher-level” features – background knowledge, context, overall meaning – and proceed through a series of steps “down” to “lower-level” semantic, syntactical and phonological features. ![]()
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